Penetrant testing (PT)
Penetrant testing is one of the non-destructive testing methods. This method is used for inspecting both metallic and non-metallic materials. It allows for the detection of any surface-breaking discontinuities in the tested material. Penetrant testing is performed after visual inspection and the removal of any surface defects.
Penetrant testing (PT) enables the detection of various imperfections, such as cracks, porosity, lack of fusion, or other surface-visible defects. This method is commonly used for inspecting welded joints, castings, and forgings. The testing process requires the use of a special dye – a penetrant. Its distribution is evaluated under UV light or using a color contrast technique.
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Penetrant testing method
In the penetrant testing method, a penetrant liquid is applied on the surface of the tested material. This liquid seeps into any openings, cracks, or fissures in the material. Next, the excess liquid is removed, and a developer (usually a white powder or an emulsion) is applied, which absorbs the penetrant liquid. If there is a crack or another defect, the penetrant is drawn out, creating distinct indications. This allows for the visual detection and localization of defects.
Main applications of penetrant testing in industry
Here are the key industrial applications of penetrant testing:
- Aerospace Industry – Penetrant testing is used to detect microcracks and other defects in metal and composite structural components of airplanes, rockets, helicopters, and other aircraft.
- Oil and Gas Industry – Penetrant testing helps identify defects in pipelines, storage tanks, underwater structures, and other infrastructure components used in the extraction and processing of energy resources.
- Shipbuilding Industry – In ship production and repair, penetrant testing aids in detecting defects in steel hull structures and welds.
- Automotive Industry – In car manufacturing, penetrant testing is used for quality control of welds and other structural components.
- Power Industry – Penetrant testing is applied in the analysis of pipe structures and welds in thermal and nuclear power plants.
- Chemical Industry – In the production and maintenance of chemical installations, penetrant testing is used to detect potential corrosion points and material degradation.